Tag: PHP
Making database changes to Drupal multi-sites
by Matt Danger on Dec.21, 2009, under Uncategorized
The company I work for hosts over 150 Drupal sites in a multi-site configuration and every so often I need to publish a change to the code that requires a database change. The large number of sites we host means that performing manual changes would require too much time and carries a chance of error. I’ve come up with a simple solution.
I first create a PHP script that bootstraps Drupal. Here is an example of a script that will rebuild the menu router tables.
// Bootstrap require_once('includes/bootstrap.inc'); require_once('includes/common.inc'); drupal_bootstrap(DRUPAL_BOOTSTRAP_FULL); // Rebuild menus menu_rebuild(); print 'Menu rebuild complete\n';
I name this script rebuild_menus.php and upload it to my Drupal directory. Then, I create a text file on my desktop that contains a list of all the Drupal websites. This is an abbreviated example:
http://example1.com http://example2.com http://example3.com http://example4.com
Finally, I execute the script on all the sites by running the following command:
for url in `cat list.txt`; do echo "Running script on $url"; curl $url/rebuild_menus.php; echo; done
Programmatically create users in Drupal 6.x
by Matt Danger on Dec.16, 2009, under Drupal
You can create a Drupal user by sending user_save() a null parameter and an array of user information. You can also assign a role by setting an array that is keyed with the role ID (rid). This can be obtained by calling user_roles() as shown in the example below.
// Get an array of roles $roles = user_roles(); // Basic account information $user = array( 'name' => 'Some User', 'pass' => 'some_password', 'mail' => 'user@example.com', 'status' => 1, 'init' => 'user@example.com', 'roles' => array(array_search('some_role', $roles) => 1), ); // See if the user exists by calling Drupal's user_load() $existing_user = user_load(array('name' => $user['name'])); if (!$existing_user->uid) { // Save the user $user = user_save(NULL, $user); }
Simple Reg-Ex to Validate an Email Address
by Matt Danger on Nov.24, 2008, under PHP
Regular expressions can be a pain sometimes. Here’s a code snippet to make your life a little easier when validating email addresses:
$email = 'user@example.com'; if (!eregi("^[_\.0-9a-z-]+@([0-9a-z][0-9a-z-]+\.)+[a-z]{2,3}$", $email)) { print_error("Your email address is invalid!"); }
Hacking “Share This” to Configure Sharing Options
by Matt Danger on Nov.24, 2008, under PHP
Thomas likes to use Alex King’s Share This plugin on his Wordpress install but wanted a little more configurability from it. I wrote a little hack to allow him to select which sharing tab appears by default. This was written for version 1.3 and I’m not sure if it could be successfully implemented into the 2.3 version.
To select the default tab set “DEFAULT_TAB” to either ’social’ or ‘email’ for which tab you’d like to be displayed when Share This is activated. Set “FIRST_TAB” to either ’social’ or ‘email’ for which tab you’d like to appear first in the tab order when Share This is activated.
To begin, add this code at line 26:
@define('DEFAULT_TAB', 'email'); // 'social' or 'email' @define('FIRST_TAB', 'email'); // 'social' or 'email' as the first tab.
Then add this code at line 123:
function get_default_tab() { switch (DEFAULT_TAB) { case 'email': $tab_number = 2; break; case 'social': $tab_number = 1; break; default: die("Error with the Share This plugin: Please define DEFAULT_TAB as either 'social' or 'email'."); } echo $tab_number; }
Then add this code at line 174:
akst_share_tab('<?php get_default_tab(); ?>');Finally, at line 442 replace:
<li id="akst_tab1" onclick="akst_share_tab('1');"><?php _e('Social Web', 'alexking.org'); ?></li>
<li id="akst_tab2" class="selected" onclick="akst_share_tab('2');"><?php _e('E-mail', 'alexking.org'); ?></li>with:
<?php switch (FIRST_TAB) { case 'social': ?> <li id="akst_tab1" onclick="akst_share_tab('1');"><?php _e('Social Web', 'alexking.org'); ?></li> <li id="akst_tab2" class="selected" onclick="akst_share_tab('2');"><?php _e('E-mail', 'alexking.org'); ?></li> <?php break; case 'email': ?> <li id="akst_tab2" class="selected" onclick="akst_share_tab('2');"><?php _e('E-mail', 'alexking.org'); ?></li> <li id="akst_tab1" onclick="akst_share_tab('1');"><?php _e('Social Web', 'alexking.org'); ?></li> <?php break; default: die("Error with the Share This plugin: Please define FIRST_TAB as either 'social' or 'email'."); } ?>
PHP MySQL class example
by Matt Danger on Feb.27, 2007, under PHP
Here is an example of a PHP 4.2 MySQL connector class. It handles all basic database queries and input filtering and validation.
<?php /**************************************************** * * File: class.mysql.php * Author: Matt West, http://mattdanger.net * Date: February 22, 2007 * Purpose: MySQL Class * ****************************************************/ class MySQL_Connection { // Private variables var $handler; var $hostname; var $username; var $password; var $database; // Public variables var $result; var $num_rows; /** * Constructor: Construct the object. * @param string $hostname Hostname of MySQL server (Default: localhost) * @param string $username Your MySQL account username * @param string $password Your MySQL account password * @param string $database The MySQL database to connect to */ function MySQL_Connection($hostname, $username, $password, $database) { $this->hostname = $hostname; $this->username = $username; $this->password = $password; $this->database = $database; $this->connect(); $this->select_db(); } /** * Destructor: Clean up */ function __destruct() { $this->db_close(); } /** * throw_error(): Print an error message * @param string $message A descriptive error message that will print when invoked */ function throw_error($message, $line = 0){ $line = ( !empty($line) ) ? $line = ' on line ' . $line : '' ; die ('There was an error on line' . $line .' in class "' . __CLASS__ . '": ' . $message); } /** * connect(): Connect to MySQL */ function connect() { $this->handler = mysql_pconnect($this->hostname, $this->username, $this->password) or $this->throw_error(mysql_error(), __LINE__); } /** * select_db(): Select the MySQL database */ function select_db() { mysql_select_db($this->database, $this->handler) or $this->throw_error(mysql_error(), __LINE__); } /** * select(): Select a row or rows from the DB * @param string $table Table name * @param array $columns Either '*' or a list of columns to select * @param array $where column => value * @param array $order_by column1 => DESC, column2 => ASC * @param array $limit 1 or 30 or 0, 30 or 30, 60 (etc) * @param bool $debug Returns query string if true * @returns MySQL resource */ function select($table, $columns, $where = '', $order_by = '', $limit = '', $debug = 0) { if ( $table == '' || !sizeof($columns)) { return; } // Set up columns $tmp = ''; if ( $columns != '*' ) { if ( is_array($columns) ) { foreach($columns as $column) { $data .= '`' . $column . '`, '; } $columns = preg_replace( "/, $/" , "" , $data); } else { $columns = '`' . $columns . '`'; } } // Set up the WHERE if ( !empty($where) ) { $tmp = ''; foreach ($where as $key => $val) { $tmp .= '`' . $key . "` = '" . $this->escape_str($val) . "' AND "; } $where = ' WHERE ' . preg_replace( "/ AND $/" , "" , $tmp); } // Set up the ORDER BY $tmp = ''; if ( !empty($order_by) ) { if ( is_array($order_by) ) { foreach($order_by as $val => $order) { $tmp .= '`' . $val . '` ' . $order . ', '; } $order_by = ' ORDER BY ' . preg_replace( "/, $/" , "" , $tmp); } else { $order_by = ' ORDER BY ' . $order_by . ' DESC'; } } // Set up the LIMIT $tmp = ''; if ( !empty($limit) ) { if ( is_array($limit) ) { foreach ($limit as $num) { $tmp .= $num . ', '; } $limit = ' LIMIT ' . preg_replace( "/, $/" , "" , $tmp); } else { $limit = ' LIMIT ' . $limit; } } $query = 'SELECT ' . $columns . ' FROM `' . $table . '`' . $where . $order_by . $limit; // Return query string for debugging purposes or just do the query if ( $debug ) { return $query; } else { // Perform the query return $this->query($query); } } /** * insert(): Insert data into a table * @param string $table Table to insert into * @param array $data The column name & data * @param boolean $slashes True if you want to add 's to the string * @returns boolean True if successful, false if not. */ function insert($table, $data, $slashes = false) { if ( $table == '' || $data == '' ) { return; } $fields = ''; $values = ''; foreach($data as $key => $val) { $fields .= '`' . $key . '`, '; $val = ( $slashes == true ) ? addslashes($val) : $val; $values .= "'" . addslashes( stripslashes($val) ) . "'" . ', '; } $fields = preg_replace( "/, $/" , "" , $fields); $values = preg_replace( "/, $/" , "" , $values); mysql_query('INSERT INTO `' . $table . '` (' . $fields . ') VALUES (' . $values . ')', $this->handler) or $this->throw_error(mysql_error(), __LINE__); } /** * update(): Update data into a table * @param string $table Table to insert into * @param array $data The column name & data * @param boolean $slashes True if you want to add 's to the string * @returns boolean True if successful, false if not. */ function update($table, $data, $where, $slashes = false) { if ( $table == '' || $data == '' || $where == '') { return; } $string = ''; $tmp = ''; foreach($data as $key => $val) { $string .= '`' . $key . "` = '" . $this->escape_str($val) . "', "; } $string = preg_replace( "/, $/" , "" , $string); if ( is_array($where) ) { foreach ($where as $key => $val) { $tmp .= $key . " = '" . $this->escape_str($val) . "' AND "; } $where = preg_replace( "/AND $/" , "" , $tmp); } else { $where = $where; } mysql_query('UPDATE `' . $table . '` SET ' . $string . ' WHERE ' . $where, $this->handler) or $this->throw_error(mysql_error(), __LINE__); } /** * delete(): Delete a row from a table * @param string $table Table to insert into * @param array $data The column name & data */ function delete($table, $data) { if ( $table == '' || $data == '') { return; } mysql_query('DELETE FROM `' . $table . '` WHERE `' . key($data) . "` = '" . $data[key($data)] . "'", $this->handler) or $this->throw_error(mysql_error(), __LINE__); } /** * query(): Query from MySQL. * @param string $query The MySQL query * @returns MySQL resource * * Warning: This function is only ment to be called manually if being used in * a development environment because it does not do any input validation. */ function query($query) { if ( $query == '') { return; } $this->result = mysql_query($query, $this->handler) or $this->throw_error(mysql_error(), __LINE__); $this->num_rows = mysql_num_rows($this->result); if ($this->num_rows > 1) { $tmp_array = array(); while ($row = mysql_fetch_assoc($this->result)) { array_push($tmp_array, $row); } $this->result = $tmp_array; return $this->result; } else { $this->result = mysql_fetch_assoc($this->result); return $this->result; } } function escape_str($string) { if ( is_array($string) ) { foreach($string as $key => $val) { $str[$key] = $this->escape_str($val); } return $str; } if ( function_exists('mysql_escape_string') ) { return mysql_escape_string( stripslashes($string) ); } else { return addslashes( stripslashes($string) ); } } /** * close_connection(): Close connection to MySQL */ function db_close(){ mysql_close($this->handler); } } ?>
PHP 5 Email Class
by Matt Danger on Jan.25, 2007, under PHP
Here is an example class that you can use to send email to users. It includes a properly formatted email body meta information that should avoid most spam filters.
<?php /**************************************************** * * File: class.email.php * Purpose: Email Class * Author: Matt West, http://mattdanger.net * Date: January 25, 2007 * ****************************************************/ class Email { // Public variables public $recipient; public $sender; public $reply_to; public $subject; public $body; public $cc; public $bcc; public $headers; /** * Constructor: Read in $file. * @param string $to Recipient * @param array $from "Sender's Name" => "Sender's Email" * @param string $subject Email subject * @param string $body Email body */ public function __construct ($to, $from = array(), $subject, $body) { // Set receiver $this->receiver($to); // Set sender if ( !empty($from) ) { $this->sender = array( key($from) => $from[ key($from) ] ); } else { $this->sender = array( $_SERVER['SERVER_ADMIN'] => $_SERVER['SERVER_ADMIN'] . '@' . $_SERVER['SERVER_NAME'] ); } // Set subject $this->subject($subject); // Set body $this->body($body); } /** * receiver(): Set receiver of the email * @param array $send_to List of Names & Email addresses */ public function receiver ($send_to) { foreach ($send_to as $name => $email) { if ( $this->email_is_valid($email) ) { if ( !is_numeric($name) ) { $this->recipient = ucfirst($name) . ' <' . $email . '>'; } else { $this->recipient = $email; } $this->recipient .= ', '; } else { exit( $email . " is not a valid email address." ); } } $this->recipient = preg_replace('/, $/', '', $this->recipient); } /** * sender(): Set send of the email * @param array $sender Name & Email address */ public function sender ($sender) { if ( email_is_valid($sender[0]) ) { if ( !is_numeric( key($sender) ) ) { $this->sender = ucfirst( key($sender) ) . ' <' . $email . '>'; } else { $this->sender = $sender[0]; } } else { exit( $sender[0] . " is not a valid email address." ); } } /** * reply_to(): Set send of the email * @param array $reply_to Name & Email address */ public function reply_to ($reply_to) { if ( email_is_valid($reply_to[0]) ) { if ( !is_numeric( key($reply_to) ) ) { $this->reply_to = ucfirst( key($reply_to) ) . ' <' . $email . '>'; } else { $this->reply_to = $sender[ key($reply_to) ]; } } else { exit( $reply_to[0] . " is not a valid email address." ); } } /** * cc(): Set Cc of the email * @param array $cc List of Names & Email addresses */ public function cc ($cc) { foreach ($cc as $name => $email) { if ( email_is_valid($email) ) { if ( !is_numeric($name) ) { $this->cc = ucfirst($name) . ' <' . $email . '>'; } else { $this->cc = $email; } $this->cc .= ', '; } else { exit( $email . " is not a valid email address." ); } } $this->cc = preg_replace('/, $/', '', $this->to); } /** * bcc(): Set Bcc of the email * @param array $bcc List of Names & Email addresses */ public function bcc ($bcc) { foreach ($bcc as $name => $email) { if ( !is_numeric($name) ) { $this->bcc = ucfirst($name) . ' <' . $email . '>'; } else { $this->bcc = $email; } $this->bcc .= ', '; } $this->bcc = preg_replace('/, $/', '', $this->to); } /** * set_headers(): Set email headers */ public function set_headers () { $this->set_from(); $this->headers = "MIME-Version: 1.0rn" . "From: ". $this->sender . "rn" . "To: " . $this->recipient . "rn"; if ( !empty($this->reply_to) ) $this->headers .= "Reply-To: " . $this->reply_to . "rn"; if ( !empty($this->cc) ) $this->headers .= "Cc: " . $this->cc . "rn"; if ( !empty($this->bcc) ) $this->headers .= "Bcc: " . $this->bcc . "rn"; $this->headers .= "X-Priority: 1rn" . "X-Mailer: PHP/" . phpversion() . "rn" . "Content-type: text/html; charset=iso-8859-1rn"; } /** * subject(): Sets the subject of the email. * @param string $subject The subject message. */ public function subject ($subject) { // Strip any newlines $this->subject = str_replace('n', '', $subject); } /** * body(): Sets the body message of the email. * @param string $body The body message. */ public function body ($body) { $this->body = $body; } /** * send(): Send the email * @returns boolean True if successful, false if not. */ public function send () { if (mail ( $this->recipient, $this->subject, $this->body, $this->headers)) { return true; } else { return false; } } /** * email_is_valid(): Check whether email address is valid * @param string $email Email address to check * @returns boolean True if address is valid, false if not. */ private function email_is_valid ($email) { if (eregi("^[_.0-9a-z-]+@([0-9a-z][0-9a-z-]+.)+[a-z]{2,3}$", $email)) { return true; } else { return false; } } } ?>
PHP Login Class
by Matt Danger on Jan.15, 2007, under PHP
Here is an example of a PHP 4.2 Login class that you can use when writing your own CMS.
<?php /**************************************************** * * File: class.login.php * Author: Matt West, 2007 * Purpose: Login class * *****************************************************/ class Login { // Public variables var $username; var $cookie; function Login() { } /** * login(): Authenticate the user's username & password * @param string $username User's username in the DB * @param string $password User's password in the DB * @param object $DB MySQL database class object * @param string $table Table to query from * @returns bool True if login successful, false if not */ function login ($username, $password, $DB, $table = 'users') { $this->username = $username; $DB->query("SELECT `username`, `salt`, `password` FROM `$table` WHERE `username` = '$username' LIMIT 1"); return ( $DB->result['password'] == sha1($DB->result['salt'] . $password) ) ? true : false ; } /** * login_admin(): Authenticate the an admin's username & password * @param string $username User's username in the DB * @param string $password User's password in the DB * @param object $DB MySQL database class object * @param string $table Table to query from * @returns bool True if login successful, false if not */ function login_admin ($username, $password, $DB, $table = 'users') { $this->username = $username; $DB->query("SELECT `username`, `salt`, `password`, `user_level` FROM `$table` WHERE `username` = '$username' LIMIT 1"); if ( ( $DB->result['password'] == sha1($DB->result['salt'] . $password) ) && ( $DB->result['user_level'] ) == '3') { return true; } else { return false; } } /** * set_cookie(): Set the user's cookie * @param string $cookie_name Name of the cookie * @param object $DB MySQL database class object * @param bool $remember Whether to set for 30 days or just this session * @param string $table Table to query from * @returns bool True if cookie was sent, false if not */ function set_cookie ($cookie_name, $DB, $remember = true, $table = 'users') { $expiration = ( $remember ) ? ( time() + (60 * 60 * 24 * 30) ) : null ; $DB->query("SELECT * FROM `$table` WHERE `username` = '" . $this->username . "' LIMIT 1"); return ( setcookie($cookie_name, base64_encode( $DB->result['username'] . ":" . $DB->result['id'] . ":" . $DB->result['user_level'] . ":" . $DB->result['first_name'] . ":" . $DB->result['last_name'] ), $expiration) ) ? true : false ; } /** * is_logged_in(): Check if user is currently logged in * @param string $cookie_name Name of the cookie * @returns bool True if cookie was sent, false if not */ function is_logged_in ($cookie_name) { $this->cookie = explode(':', base64_decode($_COOKIE[$cookie_name]) ); } /** * is_admin_logged_in(): Check if user is currently logged in * @param string $cookie_name Name of the cookie * @returns bool True if cookie was sent, false if not */ function is_admin_logged_in ($cookie_name) { if ( isset($_COOKIE[$cookie_name]) ) { $this->cookie = explode(':', base64_decode($_COOKIE[$cookie_name]) ); if ( $this->cookie[2] == 3 ) { return true; } else { return false; } } else { return false; } } /** * logout(): Clear the user's cookie * @param string $cookie_name Name of the cookie */ function logout ($cookie_name) { setcookie($cookie_name, ''); } } ?>
PHP photo resizing class example
by Matt Danger on Jan.12, 2007, under PHP
Here is an example of a PHP class that manages simple photo resizing and saving using the GD library.
<?php /**************************************************** * * Purpose: Photo Resizing Class * Author: Matt West, http://mattdanger.net * Date: January 12th, 2007 * ****************************************************/ class Photo { // Private variables private $orig_image; private $portrait_frame; // 1 = Landscape, 2 = Portrait private $image_size; private $src_width; private $src_height; private $src_image; private $dest_height; private $dest_width; private $dest_image; private $ratio; private $scale; // Public variables public $allowed_types = array('jpeg', 'jpg', 'png', 'gif'); /** * Constructor: Contruct the photo object * @param array $photo Array of photo data, usually $_FILES['photo_name'] */ public function __construct($photo) { $this->photo($photo); } /** * photo(): Create new image resource * @param string $photo Array of photo data */ public function photo($photo) { $this->orig_image = $photo; // Confirm photo is an allowed type; if ( !in_array(ereg_replace('image/', '', $this->orig_image['type']), $this->allowed_types) ) { exit("Photo type is '" . $this->orig_image['type'] . "' which is not allowed"); } // Get image X and Y values in order to determine photo framing $this->image_size = getimagesize($this->orig_image['tmp_name']); $this->src_width = $this->image_size[0]; $this->src_height = $this->image_size[1]; $this->dest_height = 0; // 1 = Landscape, 2 = Portrait $this->photo_framing = ($this->src_width > $this->src_height) ? 1 : 2 ; // Calculate the ratio at which to resize based on the dimentions $this->ratio = $this->src_width / $this->src_height; } /** * scale_to_width(): Sets the width of the resize value * @param int $width Width in pixels * @returns boolean Returns true if successful, false if it was not. */ public function scale_to_width($width) { // Set the destination width value $this->dest_width = $width; // Calculate the value at which to scale the image $this->scale = ($this->ratio) ? $this->dest_width / $this->src_width : $this->dest_height / $this->src_height; if ($this->scale_image()) { return true; } else { return false; } } /** * scale_to_height(): Sets the height of the resize value * @param int $height Height in pixels * @returns boolean Returns true if successful, false if it was not. */ public function scale_to_height($height) { // Set the destination height value $this->dest_height = $height; // Calculate the ratio at which to resize based on the dimentions $this->ratio = $this->src_width / $this->src_height; // Calculate the value at which to scale the image $this->scale = ($this->ratio) ? $this->dest_height / $this->src_height : $this->dest_width / $this->src_width ; if ($this->scale_image()) { return true; } else { return false; } } /** * scale_image(): Resize image proportionally * @returns boolean Returns true if successful, false if it was not. */ private function scale_image () { if ($this->scale > 1) { exit ("The scale width supplied is larger than the original image. Please try a smaller number."); } $this->dest_width = $this->src_width * $this->scale; $this->dest_height = $this->src_height * $this->scale; if ( $this->dest_width >= $this->src_width && $this->dest_width >= $this->src_width ) $this->scale = 1; $this->src_image = imagecreatefromjpeg ($this->orig_image['tmp_name']); $this->dest_image = imagecreatetruecolor ($this->src_width * $this->scale, $this->src_height * $this->scale); if ( imagecopyresampled( $this->dest_image, $this->src_image, 0, 0, 0, 0, $this->dest_width, $this->dest_height, $this->src_width, $this->src_height) ) { return true; } else { return false; } } /** * save_photo(): Saves the resized photo * @param string $filename The path and filename to save the file (ex: "/path/to/image.jpg") * @param int $compression A number from 1-100 representing the level of compression. 100 is the least compression. * @returns boolean Returns true if save was successful, false if it was not. */ public function save_photo ($filename, $compression = 80) { if ( imagejpeg($this->dest_image, $filename, $compression) ) { $return_value = true; } else { $return_value = false; } imagedestroy($this->src_image); imagedestroy($this->dest_image); return $return_value; } } ?>
Newest LiveJournal Images
by Matt Danger on Nov.24, 2004, under PHP, Unix
This script displays the newest images posted by LiveJournal users. The script is pretty basic and simply parses a feed from LiveJournal.
You can view it in action here: http://mattdanger.net/lj/ (Warning: Some images may be NSFW!)
The code:
<?php $n = 5; // Maximum is 250 $referrer = 'http://example.com'; // Your site $email = 'user@example.com'; // Your email if ($fp = fsockopen('livejournal.com', 80)) { fputs($fp, "GET /stats/latest-img.bml HTTP/1.0rn" . "Host: www.livejournal.comrn" . "User-Agent: " . $referrer . "; " . $email . "rnrn"); $data = ''; while(!feof($fp)) { $data .= fgets($fp); } fclose($fp); preg_match_all("<recent-image img='([^']+)' url='([^']+)' />", $data, $out); for ($i = 0; $i < $n; $i++) { echo '<a href="' . $out[2][$i] . '"><img border="0" src="' . $out[1][$i] . '" /></a><br /><br />' . "n"; } } else { echo "Connecting to LiveJournal failed."; } ?>
As an aside, if you’re a LiveJournal user and don’t want your images posted to the public feed you can go to your command console and type “set latest_optout yes”.
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Well hello there..
I'm Matt (Danger) West, developer, hacker, admin, security researcher, writer, photographer, and usability geek. I've been around the scene since 1998 and running this space since 2005. You can find out more about me, what I read, where I hang out, and what I'm interested in by reading some of my articles and postings.
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Contact Me
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